Fever – Cannabis Research

Fever Research Dashboard

21

Primary Studies

17

Related Studies

38

Total Studies

Clinical Studies

0

Clinical Meta-analyses

1

Double-blind Clinical Trials

1

Clinical Trials

Pre-Clinical Studies

3

Meta-analyses/Reviews

16

Animal Studies

0

Laboratory Studies

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CannaKeys has 38 studies associated with Fever.

Here is a small sampling of Fever studies by title:


Components of the Fever Research Dashboard

  • Dosing information available for Fever
  • Chemotype guidance for treating Fever with cannabis
  • Synopsis of cannabis research for Fever
  • Individual study details for Fever

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Overview - Fever

Description of Fever

Regarding fever, there are a couple of considerations that you might find surprising or instructive. First, a growing body of evidence posits that fever is one of the body’s primary therapeutic responses to infections such as respiratory viruses. In that context, a fever (a rise in temperature of 1- 4°C above baseline) is associated with the resolution of viral infections and increased survival rates in humans.


A fever stimulates both our adaptive and innate immune responses and, as such, contributes to the destruction of microbial invaders while simultaneously recruiting and increasing the production of relevant immune cells needed to restore health and well-being.


Instead of being an enemy, fever is considered an ally if it remains relatively low and lasts only a relatively short time (~three days). As such, our reflex to instantly treat a fever with antipyretics may do more harm than good in some cases; however, if fever creeps higher or lasts too long (especially in children), especially in the presence of fever-induced symptoms (e.g., febrile seizures) steps to reduce it become necessary to prevent long-term severe organ or brain damage.


Secondly, an average body temperature is not a fixed number that applies to all people equally but lies on a spectrum that can vary (+/- 1.5°C or 2.7°F) between individuals, including differences in biological sex.


The pathophysiology of fever, or pyrexia, is complex. There are many non-infectious causes as well, including:



  • Autoimmune disorders

  • Inflammation

  • Malignancy (cancer)


Below is a general categorization of fevers that varies based on the source you choose:



  • Low grade: 99.1 to 100.4 F (37.3-38.0 C)

  • Moderate grade: 100.6 to 102.2 F (38.1 to 39.0 C)

  • High-grade: 102.4 to 105.8 F (39.1 to 41 C)

  • Hyperthermia: Greater than 105.8 F (41 C)

Disease Classification

Condition: Fever
Disease Family: Infectious Disease (Microbial) also some non-infectious causes
Organ System: Immune System
ICD-10 Chapter: Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings
ICD-10 Code: R50

Fever Symptoms:

A rise in temperature of > 0.5 - 1 °C above baseline. Accompanying symptoms vary based on the underlying pathology or disease but usually involve similar systemic symptoms like fatigue, weakness, malaise, and more.

Also known as:

Drug-induced fever, Post-procedural fever, Post vaccination fever

Drug Interactions

THC Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs

  • Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can enhance the effects of drugs that cause sedation and depress the central nervous system, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. 
  • THC is metabolized by an inhibitor of several enzymatic liver pathways referred to as cytochrome P450 (aka CYP450). There are more than 50 enzymes belonging to this enzyme family, several of which are responsible for the breakdown of common drugs such as antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, doxepin, fluvoxamine), antipsychotics (haloperidol, clozapine, Stelazine), beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol), bronchodilators (e.g., theophylline), or blood thinners (e.g., warfarin). Thus, patients taking these medication classes may find that THC increases the concentration and effects of these drugs and the impact duration.
  • Clinical observation (not yet confirmed by clinical trials) suggests no likely interactions with other pharmaceuticals at a total daily dose of up to 20mg THC.

If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with THC, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.

CBD Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs

  • Cannabidiol (CBD) may alter the action of metabolic enzymes (specific drug-transport mechanisms) and alter interactions with other drugs, some of which may produce therapeutic or adverse effects. For instance, CBD interacts with the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 and cytochrome P450 2C19, increasing the bioavailability of anti-epileptic drugs such as clobazam (a benzodiazepine). This makes it possible to achieve the same results at significantly lower dosages, reducing treatment costs and risks of adverse effects. 
  • Groups of drugs affected include anti-epileptics, psychiatric drugs, and drugs affecting metabolic enzymes.
  • Clinical observations (not yet confirmed by clinical trials) suggest no likely interactions with other pharmaceuticals at a total daily dose of up to 100mg CBD.

If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.

THC/CBD Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs

In general, when using cannabinoid-based therapeutics that contain both THC and CBD consider the ratio between them and weigh the relevant information displayed in the individual THC and CBD Drug Interaction windows accordingly.

If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with both primary cannabinoids and THC/CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.

Concerns about Cannabis and Cancer-related Immunotherapies:
Some recent clinical observational studies have suggested that the co-administration of cannabinoid-based therapeutics and immunotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancer has been associated with worse overall survival rates (T. Taha et al., 2019; A. Biedny et al., 2020; G. Bar-Sela et al., 2020).

However, other studies have suggested that the co-commitment use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cannabis-induced no such deleterious effects. More specifically, one trial was conducted on animals resulting in data suggesting that cannabis did not negatively affect the properties of immune checkpoint inhibitors (B. Waissengrin et al., 2023). The same authors compared the previous study results with findings from a cohort of 201 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who received treatment with monotherapy pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment and adjunct cannabis to treat mainly pain and loss of appetite. Their time to tumor progression was 6.1 versus 5.6 months, and overall survival differed between 54.9 versus 23.6 months in cannabis-naïve patients and cannabis-using patients, respectively. However, while numerically different, the authors write that these differences were not statistically significant, leading them to suggest that “These data provide reassurance regarding the absence of a deleterious effect of cannabis in this clinical setting.”

Dosing Considerations

THC Dosage Considerations

  • THC micro dose:  0.1 mg to 0.4 mg
  • THC low dose:  0.5 mg to 5 mg
  • THC medium dose:  6 mg to 20 mg
  • THC high dose:  21 mg to 50+ mg

CBD Dosage Considerations

  • CBD low dose:  0.4 mg to 19 mg
  • CBD medium dose: 20 mg to 99 mg
  • CBD high dose:  100 mg to 800+ mg (upper limits tested ~1,500mg)
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Disclaimer
Information on this site is provided for informational purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your own licensed physician or other medical professional. You should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. If using a product, you should read carefully all product packaging. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider.

Information on this site is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over-the-counter medication is also available. Consult your physician, nutritionally oriented health care practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications.