Camphene – Terpenes and Cannabinoid Research

Camphene Properties and Effects

Camphene may induce the following properties or effects:

1. Analgesia 
   
   
   
   1. Inflammatory pain (V. Gadotti et al., 2021)
   
   
   2. Neuropathic pain (V. Gadotti et al., 2021)
   
   
   3. Nociception (L. Quintans-Júnior et al., 2013)
   
   
   
   


2. Anti-cancer
   
   
   
   1. Apoptosis (melanoma tumors) (Natalia Girola et al., 2015)
   
   
   
   


3. Anti-diabetic 
   
   
   
   1. Insulin resistance (reduced) (S. Kim et al., 2014)
   
   
   
   


4. Anti-microbial
   
   
   
   1. Anti-bacterial (against three statins of TB) (H. Corrêa de Carvalho et al., 2021)
   
   
   2. Anti-bacterial (against MRSA, S. aureus, Enterococcus spp.) (B. de Freitas et al., 2020)
   
   
   3. Antifungal (against Paracoccidioides lutzii) (K. Silva et al., 2018)
   
   
   
   


5. Anti-oxidant (M. Tiwari et al., 2009)


6. Bronchodilator (D. Schäfer et al., 1981)


7. Lipid-lowering agent (reduces cholesterol) (I. Vallianou et al., 2011)

May reduce hyperlipidemia, triglycerides, and related conditions like cardio-vascular illness, hepatic steatosis, and cholesterol-based gallbladder stones (via upregulating SREBP-1 expression and MTP inhibition)

Insulin sensitizer (via adiponectin-AMPK signaling and stimulating GLUT-2 translocation)

Anti-inflammatory (via suppressing pro-inflammatory molecules NO, PGE, and free radicals)

Protectant against skeletal muscle atrophy (via regulating lipid metabolism and reactive oxygen species)

Anti-tumor activity (via intrinsic apoptosis and inhibiting subcutaneous tumor growth in melanoma cells)

Anti-bacterial against M. Tuberculosis, S. Aureus, MRSA, and Enterococcus, including vancomycin-resistant species (via inhibitory and bactericidal mechanisms synergistic with antibiotics)

Anti-fungal (via protease inhibition and downregulating fungi cell precursor pathways)

Last reviewed by Dr. Abraham Benavides, M.D., 03-19-2022