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As a subscriber, you will be able to access dashboard insights including chemotype overviews and dosing summaries for medical conditions and organ system and receptor breakdowns for cannabinoid and terpene searches. Study lists present important guidance including dosing and chemotype information with the ability to drill down to the published material. And all outputs are fully filterable, to help find just the information you need. Stay up-to-date with the science of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system with CannaKeys.
Here is a small sampling of Irritable Bowel Syndrome studies by title:
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To see a full dashboard with study details and filtering, go to our DEMO page.
As a subscriber, you will be able to access dashboard insights including chemotype overviews and dosing summaries for medical conditions and organ system and receptor breakdowns for cannabinoid and terpene searches. Study lists present important guidance including dosing and chemotype information with the ability to drill down to the published material. And all outputs are fully filterable, to help find just the information you need. Stay up-to-date with the science of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system with CannaKeys.
Here is a small sampling of Irritable Bowel Syndrome studies by title:
Ready to become a subscriber? Go to our PRICING page.
Originally termed mucous colitis by Sir William Osler in 1892, a digestive disease characterized by mucous diarrhea and abdominal colic, is known today as irritable bowel syndrome (Surawicz et al., 2007, p. 458).
Abbreviated as IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome is the most common condition within the family of functional bowel disorders characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, discomfort, and alteration in bowel habits (W. Chey et al., 2015; Alammar & Mullin, 2019). Depending on the nature of the bowel function, IBS is further categorized into four disease subtypes:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder of the large intestine, characterized by recurring symptoms without clear structural or biochemical abnormalities. Because IBS is considered non-inflammatory and largely idiopathic (of unknown cause), it is defined as a syndrome rather than a distinct disease.
Diagnostic Criteria: At present, irritable bowel syndrome has no pathognomonic blood tests, markers, or imaging studies. The diagnosis is based on characteristic symptoms using established criteria (Rome IV, 2016), exclusion of concerning features called “red flags”, and use of selected tests to exclude conditions that can mimic IBS (Alammar & Mullin, 2019, p. 440). Typical features (symptoms) of IBS include (W. Chey et al., 2015):
Rome IV Criteria:
Recurrent abdominal pain on average at least 1 day/week in the last 3 months*, associated with two or more of the following criteria:
*Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months before diagnosis.
Stool patterns must be present greater than 25% of the time with Types 1 and 2 indicative of IBS-C, Types 6 and 7 for IBS-D, and Types 1 and 7 for IBS-M (Mearin et al., 2016).
Importantly, somatic causes of diseases with similar symptoms must be excluded, which are often the rationale for performing diagnostic studies for a condition that has no identifiable specific or pathognomonic findings.
Warning signs (“red flags”) for somatic causes of IBS-like disease (W. Häuser et al., 2012), (W. Chey et al., 2015):
Aside from concerning “red flags,” several medications, both over the counter (OTC) and prescription, can imitate or exacerbate IBS symptoms. OTC medications such as antihistamines, calcium, iron, magnesium, nonsteroidals, and wheat bran have potential bowel-related side effects and should be considered in the history obtained from the patient. Likewise, prescription antibiotics, antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, antipsychotics, calcium-channel blockers, diuretics, metformin, opioids, and sympathomimetics can cause IBS-like symptoms. Some of the more notable “organic” conditions that can cause IBS-like symptoms or occur in association with IBS include celiac disease, microscopic colitis, the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, bile acid diarrhea, colon cancer, and dyssynergic defecation. One-third of patients with IBD fulfill Rome criteria for IBS (W. Chey et al., 2015).
Because IBS is a diagnosis of exclusion, a thorough clinical evaluation is important to rule out other gastrointestinal diseases such as IBD or celiac disease. Treatment approaches often require multimodal care, targeting both gut physiology and psychological well-being.
The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome has not been completely elucidated. Numerous causes have been proposed, none of which have been proven to be the sole cause of symptoms. According to Chey, both environmental and host factors contribute to the symptoms of IBS (W. Chey et al., 2015). The list of potential etiologic factors is extensive:
Environmental Contributors to IBS Symptoms
Host Factors Contributing to IBS Symptoms
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with THC, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
In general, when using cannabinoid-based therapeutics that contain both THC and CBD consider the ratio between them and weigh the relevant information displayed in the individual THC and CBD Drug Interaction windows accordingly.
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with both primary cannabinoids and THC/CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
Concerns about Cannabis and Cancer-related Immunotherapies:
Some recent clinical observational studies have suggested that the co-administration of cannabinoid-based therapeutics and immunotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancer has been associated with worse overall survival rates (T. Taha et al., 2019; A. Biedny et al., 2020; G. Bar-Sela et al., 2020).
However, other studies have suggested that the co-commitment use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cannabis-induced no such deleterious effects. More specifically, one trial was conducted on animals resulting in data suggesting that cannabis did not negatively affect the properties of immune checkpoint inhibitors (B. Waissengrin et al., 2023). The same authors compared the previous study results with findings from a cohort of 201 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who received treatment with monotherapy pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment and adjunct cannabis to treat mainly pain and loss of appetite. Their time to tumor progression was 6.1 versus 5.6 months, and overall survival differed between 54.9 versus 23.6 months in cannabis-naïve patients and cannabis-using patients, respectively. However, while numerically different, the authors write that these differences were not statistically significant, leading them to suggest that “These data provide reassurance regarding the absence of a deleterious effect of cannabis in this clinical setting.”
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Information on this site is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over-the-counter medication is also available. Consult your physician, nutritionally oriented health care practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications.