Nerolidol – Terpenes and Cannabinoid Research

Summary of Nerolidol Effects

Sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic in mice (via possible opioid-insensitive, GABAergic mechanisms without the involvement of KATP channels, weak TRPV1 activation, anti-inflammatory activities)

Antispasmodic and gastroprotective activity (via inhibition of gastric ulcer formation in mice, possible inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channels, modulation of potassium channels and modulation of intracellular cAMP)

Antioxidant, anti-arthritic in rat models of rheumatoid arthritis, may protect from damage caused by thioacetamide in mouse heart and kidney tissue, attenuates MI caused by ISO by a marked reduction in myocardial infarct size and suppression of oxidative stress in mice (via reduction in overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, PGE-2 and COX-2 while increasing IL-10, IL-4 and serum antioxidant activity)

Antifungal (via inhibiting growth of fungi like Microsporum gypseum while reducing hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration)

Anti-parasite (via activity against babesiosis, leishmaniasis, anti-protozoal parasite control benefits for malaria)

Antibacterial and may be synergistic with pharmaceutical antibiotics (via toxicity against Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, and increasing the antibacterial activity of antibiotics)

May enhance drug absorption and produce pharmaceutical synergies (via enhancing absorption of doxorubicin in resistant cancer cell lines, diclofenac, 5-fluorouracil, and in nanocarrier systems)

Anti-inflammatory, suppresses the inflammatory response during LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury, anti-NASH and anti-fibrotic properties in mice (via modulation of antioxidant enzymes, reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, possible involvement of TLR4, Nrf2, and/or NF-κB pathways, the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, reducing steatosis (macrovesicular and microvesicular), degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, circulatory TNF-α and tissue collagen, significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and halted NASH disease progression induced by a hypercaloric diet)

Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant in mouse models of epilepsy and ROT-induced Parkinson’s Disease, also improved depression and memory loss in the PTZ-kindled animals (via increased NE, DA, 5-HT in cortex and hippocampus, reduced oxidative stress, increasing levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH, and decreased the level of MDA, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, preventing ROT-induced glial cell activation and the loss of dopaminergic neurons and nerve fibers, and ultimately attenuated ROT-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration)

May have anti-cancer activity (via significantly enhanced apoptosis in Caco-2 (human colon cancer) in vitro cells, inducing apoptosis via PI3K/JNK regulation through cell cycle arrest in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, synergy with doxorubicin in resistant cancer cell lines, diminishing experimentally induced formation of colon adenomas in mice, modulating biochemical profiles (antioxidants, detoxification, LPO, and renal function markers), and inhibiting tumor development in DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis in mice)