Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Dashboard
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As a subscriber, you will be able to access dashboard insights including chemotype overviews and dosing summaries for medical conditions and organ system and receptor breakdowns for cannabinoid and terpene searches. Study lists present important guidance including dosing and chemotype information with the ability to drill down to the published material. And all outputs are fully filterable, to help find just the information you need. Stay up-to-date with the science of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system with CannaKeys.
CannaKeys has 150 studies associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Here is a small sampling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease studies by title:
- Cutaneous Application of Capsaicin Cream Reduces Clinical Signs of Experimental Colitis and Repairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Tight Junction Proteins
- Effect of cannabinoids in mild-to-moderate cases of Crohn's disease as compared to placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- The Modulatory Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in the Gut
- The injectable hydrogel loading cannabidiol to regulate macrophage polarization in vitro for the treatment of chronic enteritis
- A Survey of Cannabis Use among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Components of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Dashboard
- Dosing information available for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Chemotype guidance for treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease with cannabis
- Synopsis of cannabis research for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Individual study details for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Dashboard
State of the Science
| Clinical Guidance: | |
|---|---|
| FDA Approval: | |
| EU Approval: | |
| Overall Positive Results: | 83% |
| Positive Clinical Results: | 75% |
Studies by Country of Researcher
No data to display
Studies by Chemotype (THC:CBD Ratio)
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Constituents with Clinical Evidence for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease
ECS with Positive Clinical Studies
- Cannabidiol (CBD) 3 Studies
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 1 Study
eCBome with Positive Clinical Studies
- Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) -1 Study
Synopsis of Cannabis Research for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The diverse groups of trials, including a growing number of clinical studies, that directly examined the treatment potential of cannabinoid-based therapeutics (CBT) to address signs and symptoms of colitis, such as gut inflammation, motility, and visceral pains for example, present several insights:
- Various components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), such as anandamide (AEA) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and their respective degrading enzyme FAAH (via the use of inhibitors) and MAGL acting on CB1, CB2, PPARs, TRPs play a significant role in protecting, restoring and maintaining gut health and well-being in both acute and chronic forms of colitis.
In the most recent meta-analyses (2022), the authors believe that CBT may play a therapeutic role in managing patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), especially in managing pain. Furthermore, they suggest that cannabinoid-based therapeutics (such as adjuvant therapy) may increase the chances of success for standard Crohn’s disease treatment.
At the same time, its usage in cases of ulcerative colitis was not recommended.
The authors highlight that low-dose treatment may be more effective than higher doses.
Given the currently available scientific data, oral CBD is the most optimal administration route.
CB1 and CB2 receptor agonism is largely considered anti-inflammatory, while CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonism is posited to be pro-inflammatory.
CBD was the most investigated cannabinoid, followed by other cannabis constituents such as THC, THCA, and CBG.
Cannabis common terpenes shown to proceed therapeutic effects for this patient population include beta-Caryophyllene (a CB2 agonist), limonene, humulene, borneol, and geraniol.
Synthetic cannabinoids such as HU-210 display protective effects in animal models of colitis. To provide the reader with some context, HU210 is a full agonist at CB1 and CB2 (meaning that HU-210 is about 100 x more potent than THC at CB1 and about 86 x more potent than THC at CB2).
Synergies were reported for the co-administration of cannabis and turmeric in IBD and IBS.
Last reviewed by Dr. Abraham Benavides, M.D., 12-26-2022
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77 PRIMARY STUDIES | 150 TOTAL STUDIES
Cutaneous Application of Capsaicin Cream Reduces Clinical Signs of Experimental Colitis and Repairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Tight Junction Proteins
Effect of cannabinoids in mild-to-moderate cases of Crohn's disease as compared to placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
The Modulatory Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in the Gut
The injectable hydrogel loading cannabidiol to regulate macrophage polarization in vitro for the treatment of chronic enteritis
A Survey of Cannabis Use among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Medical marijuana for inflammatory bowel disease: the highs and lows
Electroacupuncture Reduces Anxiety Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease By Acting on Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in the Ventral Hippocampus in Mice
Electroacupuncture Reduces Visceral Pain Via Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Inverse Agonist SMM-189 Induces Expression of Endogenous CB2 and Protein Kinase A That Differentially Modulates the Immune Response and Suppresses Experimental Colitis
Cannabinoid Therapeutic Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Medical Cannabis Use Patterns and Adverse Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cannabis and Its Potential Protective Role Against Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review
Increased expression of CB2 receptor in the intestinal biopsies of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases: opportunities for new therapies
Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption
Role of cannabis in inflammatory bowel diseases
Differential Effects of D9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- and Cannabidiol (CBD)-Based Cannabinoid Treatments on Macrophage Immune Function In Vitro and on Gastrointestinal Inflammation in a Murine Model
Phycocyanin stimulates ulcerative colitis healing via selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-2, intestinal mucosal healing, Treg accumulation, and p38MAPK/MK2 signaling inhibition
Efficacy of combined therapy with fish oil and phytocannabinoids in murine intestinal inflammation
Olorinab (APD371), a peripherally acting, highly selective, full agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 2, reduces colitis-induced acute and chronic visceral hypersensitivity in rodents
Symptoms and Extraintestinal Manifestations in Active Cannabis Users with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Attitudes towards and use of cannabis in New Zealand patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an exploratory study
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cannabis: A Practical Approach for Clinicians
Knowledge, Perception, and Use of Cannabis Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cannabis use of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Germany: a cross-sectional survey
Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Exacerbates Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adolescent and Adult Female Rats
Cannabidiol Isolated From Cannabis sativa L. Protects Intestinal Barrier From In Vitro Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Genetic Variants of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Modulate Acute Inflammatory Responses to Colitis in Adult Male Mice
Engineered Lactobacillus paracasei Producing Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Prevents Colitis in Mice
Novel selective agonist of GPR18, PSB-KK-1415 exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities in animal models of intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain
Comorbid anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of colitis is mediated by an upregulation of corticolimbic fatty acid amide hydrolase
The cannabinoid TRPA1 agonist cannabichromene inhibits nitric oxide production in macrophages and ameliorates murine colitis
Cannabis and Canabidinoids on the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Going Beyond Misuse
Cannabinoid receptor activation on hematopoietic cells and enterocytes protects against colitis
Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Prevents Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer through Myeloid Cell De-activation Upstream of IL-22 Production
Cannabidiol Oil-Associated Microscopic Colitis
Resveratrol attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by maintaining gut barrier integrity and inhibiting gut inflammation through regulation of the endocannabinoid system
Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, is protective in a murine model of colitis.
Palmitoylethanolamide and Cannabidiol Prevent Inflammation-induced Hyperpermeability of the Human Gut In Vitro and In Vivo-A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Controlled Trial
Cannabis and Turmeric as Complementary Treatments for IBD and Other Digestive Diseases.
Systemic administration of serotonin exacerbates abdominal pain and colitis via interaction with the endocannabinoid system
Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer
Association between cannabis use and complications related to ulcerative colitis in hospitalized patients
Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Cannabis is associated with clinical but not endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial
Cannabis for the Treatment of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence From Cochrane Reviews
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Pilot Study of Cannabidiol-rich Botanical Extract in the Symptomatic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
The Use of Cannabinoids in Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The Role of Cannabis in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Clinical, Scientific, and Regulatory Information: Commissioned by the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) blockade ameliorates experimental colitis by altering microRNA expression and suppressing inflammation.
Profiles of Patients Who Use Marijuana for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Manipulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Colitis: A Comprehensive Review.
(+)-Borneol Improves the Efficacy of Edaravone Against DSS-induced Colitis by Promoting M2 Macrophages Polarization via JAK2-STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Colon Models Is Derived from Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid That Interacts with Additional Compounds in Cannabis Extracts.
Cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide are anti-inflammatory in the acutely inflamed human colon.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Intestinal Barrier Protection of HU210 Differentially Depend on TLR4 Signaling in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Colitis
Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Ameliorates Inflammation in Murine Model of Crohn’s Disease
Systematic review: interventions for abdominal pain management in inflammatory bowel disease
Reduced Plasma Levels of sCD14 and I-FABP in HIV-infected Patients with Mesalazine-treated Ulcerative Colitis
Geraniol Ameliorates TNBS-induced Colitis: Involvement of Wnt/β-catenin, p38MAPK, NFκB, and PPARγ Signaling Pathways
AM841, a covalent cannabinoid ligand, powerfully slows gastrointestinal motility in normal and stressed mice in a peripherally restricted manner
Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases
Experimental colitis in mice is attenuated by changes in the levels of endocannabinoid metabolites induced by selective inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)
Pro-resolution, protective and anti-nociceptive effects of a cannabis extract in the rat gastrointestinal tract
3-Carboxamido-5-aryl-isoxazoles as new CB2 agonists for the treatment of colitis
Topical and systemic cannabidiol improves trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in mice
The endocannabinoid system in inflammatory bowel diseases: from pathophysiology to therapeutic opportunity
Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation
Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non-psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation-induced hypermotility in mice
β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice through CB2 Receptor Activation and PPARγ Pathway.
New FAAH inhibitors based on 3-carboxamido-5-aryl-isoxazole scaffold that protect against experimental colitis
The endogenous cannabinoid system in the gut of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Targeting endocannabinoid degradation protects against experimental colitis in mice: involvement of CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Cannabidiol, extracted from Cannabis sativa, selectively inhibits inflammatory hypermotility in mice.
Ulcerative colitis in AKR mice is attenuated by intraperitoneally administered anandamide
Up-regulation of anandamide levels as an endogenous mechanism and a pharmacological strategy to limit colon inflammation
73 RELATED STUDIES | 150 TOTAL STUDIES
Bovine Colostrum Increases Intestinal Permeability in Healthy Athletes and Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
[Phytotherapeutic recommendations in medical guidelines for the treatment of gastroenterological diseases - a systematic review]
Cannabidiol and Intestinal Motility: a Systematic Review
LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and proteomics reveal the intervention of Kangnian decoction on the postoperative intestinal adhesion of rats
Effects of Cannabidiol on Innate Immunity: Experimental Evidence and Clinical Relevance
Recurrent Severe Burns Due to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Cannabidiol-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Medical Cannabis Received by Patients According to Qualifying Condition in a US State Cannabis Program: Product Choice, Dosing, and Age-Related Trends
Cannabidiol safety considerations: Development of a potential acceptable daily intake value and recommended upper intake limits for dietary supplement use
Medicinal Cannabis and Implications for Workplace Health and Safety: Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews
Endocannabinoid Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Pursuit of Certainty
Shifting the Paradigm on Cannabis Safety
Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis
Cannabinoid 1 and mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists Synergistically Inhibit Abdominal Pain and Lack Side Effects in Mice
Pharmacological Aspects and Biological Effects of Cannabigerol and Its Synthetic Derivatives
Phycocyanin Ameliorates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and the IL-17 Signaling Pathway
Treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in a Mouse Model by Cannabidiol, an Angiogenesis Pathway Inhibitor
Acute pancreatitis as a rare adverse event among cannabis users: A systematic review
Candidate Therapeutics by Screening for Multitargeting Ligands: Combining the CB2 Receptor With CB1, PPARγ and 5-HT4 Receptors
Herbal Approaches to Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain
Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Cannabinoids on the Gastrointestinal System in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Persistent Diarrhea and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Resulting From Chronic Cannabidiol Usage for Refractory Epilepsy
Efficacy and safety of therapeutic use of cannabis derivatives and their synthetic analogs: Overview of systematic reviews
Pharmacology, Clinical Effects, and Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Epigenetic Regulation of Cannabinoid-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation and Its Impact on the Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Autoimmune Diseases
Humulene Inhibits Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury by Enhancing Mucosal Integrity
Targeting the endocannabinoid system with microbial interventions to improve gut integrity
A Cannabinoid 2-Selective Agonist Inhibits Allogeneic Skin Graft Rejection In Vivo
Endocannabinoids Attenuate the Virulence of Certain Enteropathogenic Bacteria
Cannabigerol and cannabichromene in Cannabis sativa L.
A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019
Oral CBD-rich cannabis induces clinical but not endoscopic response in patients with Crohn's disease, a randomized controlled trial
An Overview of Cannabis Based Treatment in Crohn's Disease
The pharmacological case for cannabigerol (CBG)
Cannabidiol Drugs Clinical Trial Outcomes and Adverse Effects
Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of α-humulene against Bacteroides fragilis
Endocannabinoids Inhibit the Induction of Virulence in Enteric Pathogens
Insights into the role of cannabis in the management of inflammatory bowel disease
Cannabidiol As A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Oral Inflammatory Diseases: A Review Of Current Knowledge And Future Perspectives
Cannabis use disorders may protect against certain disorders of the digestive organs in people with schizophrenia but not in healthy controls
Priority Considerations for Medicinal Cannabis-Related Research
The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
US Veterinarians' Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions
Cannabinoid Attenuation of Intestinal Inflammation in Chronic SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Involves T Cell Modulation and Differential Expression of Micro-RNAs and Pro-inflammatory Genes
Cannabis and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: change blossoms a mile high.
Gut microbiota, cannabinoid system and neuroimmune interactions: New perspectives in multiple sclerosis
Maternal administration of cannabidiol promotes an anti-inflammatory effect on the intestinal wall in a gastroschisis rat model
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with the treatment of chronic pain with medical cannabis
Cannabinoids for treating inflammatory bowel diseases: where are we and where do we go?
Prevalence and Patterns of Marijuana Use in Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
The impact of exertional-heat stress on gastrointestinal integrity, gastrointestinal symptoms, systemic endotoxin and cytokine profile
Low-Dose Cannabidiol Is Safe but Not Effective in the Treatment for Crohn's Disease, a Randomized Controlled Trial
The impact of cannabis and cannabinoids for medical conditions on health-related quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Therapeutic Use of Cannabis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
An Orally Active Cannabis Extract with High Content in Cannabidiol attenuates Chemically-induced Intestinal Inflammation and Hypermotility in the Mouse.
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabinoids in gastroenterology: A systematic review.
The gastrointestinal tract – a central organ of cannabinoid signaling in health and disease.
Endocannabinoids in the gastrointestinal tract
A CB2-Selective Cannabinoid Suppresses T-cell Activities and Increases Tregs and IL-10
Comparison of Antispasmodic Effects of Dracocephalum Kotschyi Essential Oil, Limonene and α-Terpineol
Cannabis for inflammatory bowel disease.
Geraniol-a Flavoring Agent With Multifunctional Effects in Protecting the Gastric and Duodenal Mucosa
In vivo characterization of the highly selective monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor KML29: antinociceptive activity without cannabimimetic side effects
Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview.
Oral administration of d-limonene controls inflammation in rat colitis and displays anti-inflammatory properties as diet supplementation in humans.
Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study
Cannabinoid signalling regulates inflammation and energy balance: the importance of the brain-gut axis
Treatment of Crohn's Disease With Cannabis: An Observational Study
Targets of curcumin
Pharmacogenetic trial of a cannabinoid agonist shows reduced fasting colonic motility in patients with nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome
Nausea and vomiting in people with cancer and other chronic diseases
Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors
Effects of a cannabinoid receptor agonist on colonic motor and sensory functions in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study
Overview - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Description of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Colitis is derived from the Greek words for large intestines, kolon, and -itis, the latter pertaining to diseases characterized by inflammation. As such, colitis describes inflammation of the colon.
The most common expressions are ulcerative colitis (affects the colon only) and Crohn's disease (affects the entire GI tract), both of which constitute actual inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differs from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBD causes physically overt and measurable destruction, harm to intestines, inflammation, and may increase the risk for colon cancer, whereas IBS does not.
Several additional types of colitis are categorized according to underlying causes, such as autoimmune colitis, ischemic colitis, allergic colitis, drug- or chemotherapy-induced colitis, and microscopic or infectious colitis (e.g., salmonella, tuberculosis).
To date, there is no cure within the model of modern medicine for the chronic type, and treatment is limited to supportive therapies such as hydration via IV fluids, pharmaceutical intervention (e.g., antibiotics, 5-ASA, or steroids to depress the immune system), iron supplements to balance anemia or surgery.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
Some progress has been reported with specific dietary regimes and microbiome-supportive supplements.
Disease Classification
Condition: IBD - Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseDisease Family: Inflammatory Condition
Organ System: Digestive System
ICD-10 Chapter: Diseases of the Digestive System
ICD-10 Code: K52.3
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms:
Abdominal pain/cramps, chronic diarrhea (blood, mucus, pus), generalized weakness, weight loss, difficult BM despite urge, anemia, inflammationAlso known as:
Colonic inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, unspecified colitis, indeterminate colitis, colonic inflammatory bowel, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colon inflammation, collagenous colon inflammation, microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, microscopic colon inflammation, lymphocytic colitis, lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis, indeterminate colitis, unspecified colitis, colonic inflammatory bowel disease unclassified, IBDU, eosinophilic ulcerative colitis, ulcerative colitis, UC, ulcerative colitis with fistula, unspecified ulcerative colitis with abscess, abscess of intestine due to ulcerative colitis, ulcerative colitis with abscess, ulcerative colitis without complications, acute ulcerative colitis, arthropathy and ulcerative colitis, chronic ulcerative colitis, hemolytic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis, hemolytic anemia with ulcerative colitis, mild chronic ulcerative colitis, moderate chronic ulcerative colitis, severe chronic ulcerative colitis, ulcerative colitis with arthritis, rectal hemorrhage due to ulcerative colitis, ulcerative colitis with rectal bleeding, ulcerative colitis with intestinal obstruction, intestinal obstruction due to ulcerative colitis, ulcerative colitis with obstruction, other and unspecified non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis, left-sided Colitis without complications, chronic left-sided ulcerative colitis, left-sided ulcerative colitis, left-sided colitis, eosinophilic colitis, colitis due to radiation, radiation induced colitis, radiation enteritis, radiation enterocolitis, enteritis due to radiation, radiation gastroenteritis, radiation induced enterocolitis, radiation induced gastroenteritis, the drug-induced gastroenteritis and colitis, toxic gastroenteritis and colitis, infectious gastroenteritis and colitis, infectious colitis, colitis not otherwise specified, food hypersensitivity gastroenteritis or colitis, allergic proctocolitis, amebic non-disenteric colitis, acute fulminant ischemic colitis, Subacute ischemic colitis, Clostridium difficile colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, ischemic colitis, left-sided Colitis with rectal bleeding, left-sided Colitis with intestinal obstruction, left-sided Colitis with other complications, left-sided Colitis with unspecified complications, other ulcerative colitis with rectal bleeding, other ulcerative colitis with intestinal obstruction, other ulcerative colitis with other complications, other ulcerative colitis with unspecified complications, ulcerative colitis with arthritis, arthropathy and ulcerative colitis, arthritis due to Crohn's disease, Crohn's disease with arthritis, Crohn's disease of large intestine, Crohn's disease of both small and large intestine, Crohn's disease of colon, Regional enteritis of colon, Crohn's disease of large bowel, Regional enteritis of large bowel, Crohn's disease of rectum, Regional enteritis of rectum, granulomatous colitis, Regional colitis, pyoderma gangrenosa, protozoal colitis, chronic ischemic colitis, ulcerative colitis of anus and rectum, CMV colitis, cytomegaloviral colitis, mucus colitis, abscess of intestine with ulcerative colitis, radiation proctitis, radiation colitis, allergic gastroenteritis and colitis, fistula of intestine with ulcerative colitis, allergic and dietetic gastroenteritis and colitisDrug Interactions
THC Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can enhance the effects of drugs that cause sedation and depress the central nervous system, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol.
- THC is metabolized by an inhibitor of several enzymatic liver pathways referred to as cytochrome P450 (aka CYP450). There are more than 50 enzymes belonging to this enzyme family, several of which are responsible for the breakdown of common drugs such as antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, doxepin, fluvoxamine), antipsychotics (haloperidol, clozapine, Stelazine), beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol), bronchodilators (e.g., theophylline), or blood thinners (e.g., warfarin). Thus, patients taking these medication classes may find that THC increases the concentration and effects of these drugs and the impact duration.
- Clinical observation (not yet confirmed by clinical trials) suggests no likely interactions with other pharmaceuticals at a total daily dose of up to 20mg THC.
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with THC, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
CBD Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs
- Cannabidiol (CBD) may alter the action of metabolic enzymes (specific drug-transport mechanisms) and alter interactions with other drugs, some of which may produce therapeutic or adverse effects. For instance, CBD interacts with the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 and cytochrome P450 2C19, increasing the bioavailability of anti-epileptic drugs such as clobazam (a benzodiazepine). This makes it possible to achieve the same results at significantly lower dosages, reducing treatment costs and risks of adverse effects.
- Groups of drugs affected include anti-epileptics, psychiatric drugs, and drugs affecting metabolic enzymes.
- Clinical observations (not yet confirmed by clinical trials) suggest no likely interactions with other pharmaceuticals at a total daily dose of up to 100mg CBD.
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
THC/CBD Interaction with Pharmaceutical Drugs
In general, when using cannabinoid-based therapeutics that contain both THC and CBD consider the ratio between them and weigh the relevant information displayed in the individual THC and CBD Drug Interaction windows accordingly.
If you are interested in the interaction potential of specific pharmaceuticals with both primary cannabinoids and THC/CBD, consider visiting these free drug interaction checkers: Drugs.com or DrugBank Online.
Concerns about Cannabis and Cancer-related Immunotherapies:
Some recent clinical observational studies have suggested that the co-administration of cannabinoid-based therapeutics and immunotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of certain types of cancer has been associated with worse overall survival rates (T. Taha et al., 2019; A. Biedny et al., 2020; G. Bar-Sela et al., 2020).
However, other studies have suggested that the co-commitment use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cannabis-induced no such deleterious effects. More specifically, one trial was conducted on animals resulting in data suggesting that cannabis did not negatively affect the properties of immune checkpoint inhibitors (B. Waissengrin et al., 2023). The same authors compared the previous study results with findings from a cohort of 201 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who received treatment with monotherapy pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment and adjunct cannabis to treat mainly pain and loss of appetite. Their time to tumor progression was 6.1 versus 5.6 months, and overall survival differed between 54.9 versus 23.6 months in cannabis-naïve patients and cannabis-using patients, respectively. However, while numerically different, the authors write that these differences were not statistically significant, leading them to suggest that “These data provide reassurance regarding the absence of a deleterious effect of cannabis in this clinical setting.”
Dosing Considerations
THC Dosage Considerations
- THC micro dose: 0.1 mg to 0.4 mg
- THC low dose: 0.5 mg to 5 mg
- THC medium dose: 6 mg to 20 mg
- THC high dose: 21 mg to 50+ mg
CBD Dosage Considerations
- CBD low dose: 0.4 mg to 19 mg
- CBD medium dose: 20 mg to 99 mg
- CBD high dose: 100 mg to 800+ mg (upper limits tested ~1,500mg)
Disclaimer
Information on this site is provided for informational purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your own licensed physician or other medical professional. You
should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. If using a product, you should read carefully all product packaging. If you have or suspect that you have a
medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider.
Information on this site is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over-the-counter medication is also available. Consult your physician, nutritionally oriented health care practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications.
